Definitions

 DEFAULT 

• A default, in computer science, refers to a setting or value automatically assigned to a software application, computer program or device, outside of user intervention. Such settings are also called presets, especially for electronic devices. The Oxford English Dictionary dates this usage to the mid-1960s, as a variant of the older meaning of "failure in performance".

• Default values are generally intended to make a device (or control) usable "out of the box". A common setting, or at least a usable setting, is typically assigned.

MS RIBBON

• In GUI-based application software, a ribbon is an interface where a set of toolbars are placed on tabs in a tab bar. Recent releases of some Microsoft applications have embraced this form with a modular ribbon as their main interface. The Ribbon GUI provides the user interface of an application with a large toolbar filled with graphical representations of control elements which are grouped by different functionality. The Ribbon can also contain tabs to expose different sets of control elements eliminating the need for a lot of different icon-based tool bars. Some of these tabs are contextual and appear only when a certain type of object is selected, providing specific tools for items such as tables or images.
  
  
  •  Microsoft touted the ribbon as "the modern way to help users find, understand, and use commands efficiently and directly—with a minimum number of clicks, with less need to resort to trial-and-error, and without having to refer to Help.” Microsoft originally implemented ribbons as part of its "Fluent User Interface" in Office 2007.^[1] The ribbon is formed as a fixed-size panel that houses certain command buttons and icons; it organizes commands as a set of tabs, each grouping relevant commands. Each application has a different set of tabs which house the options for that specific application. Within each tab, various related options may be grouped together. The Ribbon can be minimized by double clicking the active tab.^[2] The ribbon consolidates the functionality previously found in menus, toolbars and many task panes into one area.[3]
  • In Microsoft Office 2007 the Ribbon interface was limited to the main Word, Excel, Access and PowerPoint applications. but was introduced across all Office applications for their 2010 versions.^[4]
    The ribbon UI has also begun to be implemented in other Microsoft software like Windows, SQL Server and Dynamics CRM 2011.^[5] The Windows 7 applications Paint and WordPad now utilize a ribbon-based UI, ^[6] as also some of the Windows Live Essentials applications like Windows Live Mail, Windows Photo Gallery, Windows Live Movie Maker and Windows Live Writer ^[7], as well as in the Windows 8 Explorer. The ribbon UI is also featured in Microsoft Mathematics 4.0 and Microsoft WebMatrix.
    The Office 2007 Ribbon can be customized by adding a "customUI" RibbonX xml file document to an Office Open XML document type. Office 2010 supports end-user customization via the application GUI.
    
      
    ONE TO MANY RELATIONSHIP
    
    • One-to-many relationships occur when each record in TableA may have many linked records in TableB but each record in TableB may have only one corresponding record in TableA. Learn more about Database Relationships, Foreign Keys, JOINs and E-R Diagrams.
      
      
      
      
    PRIMARY KEY
    
    
    • The primary key of a relational table uniquely identifies each record in the table. It can either be a normal attribute that is guaranteed to be unique (such as Social Security Number in a table with no more than one record per person) or it can be generated by the DBMS (such as a globally unique identifier, or GUID, in Microsoft SQL Server). Primary keys may consist of a single attribute or multiple attributes in combination.
    
    
    FOREIGN KEY
    
    
    • A foreign key is a field in a relational table that matches a candidate key of another table. The foreign key can be used to cross-reference tables.
      The foreign key identifies a column or set of columns in one (referencing) table that refers to a column or set of columns in another (referenced) table. The columns in the referencing table must reference the columns of the primary key or other superkey in the referenced table. The values in one row of the referencing columns must occur in a single row in the referenced table. Thus, a row in the referencing table cannot contain values that don't exist in the referenced table (except potentially NULL). This way references can be made to link information together and it is an essential part of database normalization. Multiple rows in the referencing table may refer to the same row in the referenced table. Most of the time, it reflects the one (parent table or referenced table) to many (child table, or referencing table) relationship.
      The referencing and referenced table may be the same table, i.e. the foreign key refers back to the same table. Such a foreign key is known in SQL:2003 as a self-referencing or recursive foreign key.
      A table may have multiple foreign keys, and each foreign key can have a different r eferenced table. Each foreign key is enforced independently by the database system. Therefore, cascading relationships between tables can be established using foreign keys.
      Improper foreign key/primary key relationships or not enforcing those relationships are often the source of many database and data modeling problems.